OBJECTIVES
- To be aware of the changes leading to Renaissance and how these changes influenced psychology
INTRODUCTION
- Shortly after Aristotle’s death, the Romans invaded入侵 Greek territory领土
- Major questions shifted转移
- From: what is the nature of physical reality, what and how can humans know?
- To: how is it best to live, what is the nature of the good life, what is worth believing in?
Skepticism怀疑主义 and Cynicism愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义
- Critical of other philosophies 🡪 false or irrelevant to human needs 批评其他哲学🡪错误或与人类需求无关
- Solution：
- Skepticism: suspension(暂停) of belief in anything 对任何事物的信念中止
- Cynicism: retreat撤退 from society 退出社会
Skepticism 🡪 Pyrrho of Elis (ca. 360-270 BC) 艾利斯的皮拉约（公元前360-270年）
这个就是讲不要跟宗教，要science
- Main target of attack = dogmatism 攻击的主要目标=教条主义
- Dogmatist = claiming(声称) to have arrived at an indisputable(无可争辩的) truth
- arguments for and against any philosophical doctrine哲学观点 were equally compelling 引人注目的
- Because all claims of truth appeared equivocal 可疑的, a suspension of judgment is advocated提倡
- Unaware of any reliable criteria for distinguishing among various
- claims of truth
- Primary guides for living: appearances and convention
- Appearances: simple sensations and feelings
- Convention: tradition, laws, and customs of society
没有评论:
发表评论